This model simulates 99 auscultatory findings of cardiopulmonary diseases, including changes in heart rate, rhythm, and heart sounds; abnormal heart sounds, heart murmurs (including their grading and radiation), pericardial friction rubs. It also simulates auscultatory findings of various pulmonary diseases, including pathological breath sounds, various dry and moist rales, pleural friction rubs, and changes in vocal fremitus. Bilateral lung comparison auscultation or full-lung auscultation can be performed according to teaching needs.
It can simulate various palpatory findings of cardiopulmonary diseases, including systolic, diastolic, and continuous precordial thrills (cat purr), pericardial friction rubs, pleural friction rubs, and vocal fremitus.
The assessment content for cardiopulmonary palpation and auscultation can be accessed via keyboard input. Students perform cardiopulmonary palpation and auscultation, identify the location and characteristics of the physical findings, and then teachers evaluate the students' practical operational skills and assign grades.
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